Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in Ireland, affecting one in every three women. Breast cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the breast.

Although breast cancer can be a complicated disease, there are some factors that could lead to added risk of you developing the disease including age, genetics and a family history of the disease. And while those obviously cannot be controlled, there are certain factors that will help prevent your risks of contracting the illness. According to SELF, the first of these is to keep your weight at a healthy level. While we shouldn’t be concerned about the few pounds that have crept on here and there, we should be mindful of being overweight or obese. Excess weight can particularly influence postmenopausal breast cancer. Fat tissue is actually a secondary producer of estrogen, so  science suggests that after the ovaries shut down during menopause, having excess fat can result in higher estrogen levels, which increases breast cancer risk. Secondly, SELF advises women to exercise every day. Studies show that women experience a reduction in risk the more physically active they are, and that risk goes down further as frequency and duration of exercise goes up. Self also advises to cut back on the drink and quite smoking. Alcohol impacts estrogen levels and causes them to rise, which increases the risk of breast cancer. While the effects of smoking aren’t confirmed, some studies suggest that smoking can worsen your prognosis if you already have breast cancer. Finally, being able to spot the early signs of cancer will make a dramatic difference. When in the shower, dressing, or standing in front of a mirror – take a few minutes to get to know the look and feel of your shape. Knowing what is normal for you means you’ll easily recognise when new changes occur in the breast and armpit area. It’s important to note that not all changes to your breasts are signs of cancer; some women find their breasts feel lumpy or tender before a period. In most women, breast cancer is usually detected by a painless lump in the breast. There are other signs though, and you should book in to see a doctor if any of the following symptoms occur when you’re carrying out a routine breast check:

• Any change in the size or shape of the breast
• Changes to the nipple area such as crusting, ulcers, redness, inversion or change in shape or direction of the nipple
• Dimpling of the skin of the breast
• A rash (similar in appearance to eczema) affecting the nipple
• Discharge from the nipple
• Swelling or lumps in your armpit
• Veins that are standing out more than usual

If you find anything suspicious, consult your doctor immediately.